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Conflicts in and around India |
Friday, 5/17/02, 12:41 PM |
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Conflicts in and around India Himalayas and Central
Asia http://britishbattles.homestead.com/centralasia.html military
history of India
http://britishbattles.homestead.com/files/asia/india/
indianmillinks.htm famous Sikh battles
http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/BATTLES/ history of India
http://www.historyofindia.com/ indian military links
http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/Links1.html the middle East
http://britishbattles.homestead.com/mideast.html east asia
http://britishbattles.homestead.com/eastasia.html asia general
http://britishbattles.homestead.com/asia.html |
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the Indian subcontinent |
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Conflicts in and around India |
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The Dogras and the invasion of Tibet |
Friday, 5/17/02, 11:28 AM |
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The Dogras who form the hardy and loyal population of
the hill regions of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir
have a long tradition of soldiering. In the 1830s and 40s the Dogras
were ruled by the militant Sikh Maharajahs of Jammu and Kashmir.
They subjugated the Himalayan kingdom of Ladakh, and at one point
attempted to push on further to take advantage of a power vacuum in
Tibet. Though armed with firearms and cannon, where the Tibetans had
at best very primitive muskets and at worst swords, spears and bows,
the Dogras fell victim to the Tibetan winter. The much better
prepared Tibetans were able to fall on the Dogras in midwinter and
defeat them. The Dogras were pursued almost to the capital of Ladakh
before the ill-advised affair was ended by treaty. Following the
British victory in the Sikh Wars, the Dogras were in the service of
the British some years as part of the Frontier Force. The Dogras
formed into a regiment in 1887, and three Dogra Regiments were
raised as part of the Bengal Infantry. During the World Wars, more
Dogra battalions were added and after 1947 the Dogra Regiment gained
further in the additional battalions as part of the Army's post-1962
expansion. The Dogra Scouts come under the aegis of the Dogra
Regiment. The Regiment has earned respect as a disciplined and
dependable group of Infantry. Enrolling in the army has long been
the ambition and career motivation of the hill regions of the
Dogras. The earnings from the military service have been well spent
for over a century in the otherwise economically backward hill
region of the Dogras. Soldiering has not only become a substantial
part of the economic structure of the Dogra Hills, but created
social and cultural traditions built on the people's association
with the army. |
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Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir |
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The Dogras and the invasion of Tibet |
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The Maurya Empire |
Friday, 5/17/02, 10:56 AM |
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The
Maurya Empire |
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Punjabilok |
Friday, 11/30/01, 11:20 AM |
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The first Anglo - Sikh War |
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Campaigns in the Punjab 1761-2 |
Friday, 11/30/01, 11:19 AM |
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Campaigns in the Punjab 1761-2 |
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First Anglo-Sikh War |
Friday, 11/30/01, 11:13 AM |
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First Anglo-Sikh War |
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Second Anglo-Sikh War 1848-9 |
Friday, 11/30/01, 11:13 AM |
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Second Anglo-Sikh War 1848-9 |
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Itihaas |
Friday, 11/30/01, 11:10 AM |
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50 years of Independence. 5,000 years of history. This
is India's story. |
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India's
story |
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Great Sikh warriors |
Friday, 11/30/01, 10:53 AM |
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Great Sikh warriors |
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Sikh history |
Friday, 11/30/01, 8:09 AM |
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The Sikhs are a reformed sect of Punjabi Hindus which,
to combat Muslim repression, set up an army called the Khalsa Dal in
1699. The Sikh Empire expanded until, under Ranjit Singh, it came to
dominate NW India, even to the extent of semi- subjugating Pathan
tribes in Hazara and elsewhere. The Empire was less wisely managed
after his death, and came out the loser after challenging the
British Raj in two 'Sikh Wars'. The second in 1848 was notable not
only for the field battles on the plains of the Punjab, but also for
the legendary guerilla campaigns fought by the Pathans against the
Sikhs under the leadership of the equally legendary British
political officers Abbott and Nicholson. |
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Sikh history |
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Kamat |
Friday, 11/30/01, 7:54 AM |
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Indian history timeline |
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Wellesley at Assaye |
Monday, 11/26/01, 10:12 AM |
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in the GERMAN LANGUAGE |
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Wellesley at Assaye |
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The north west frontier of India |
Friday, 11/23/01, 8:37 AM |
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The Pukhtoons, or Pathans as they are better known,
resisted violently all attempts by the Sikhs and later the British
to subjugate or turn them into docile and obedient members of an
enslaved community. They offered stubborn resistance and Inspite of
their meager means and resources, the Pukhtoons carried on an
un-ending war for the preservation of their liberty. The British,
proud of their glory and might, sent about one hundred expeditions
one after the other against the Pukhtoons to subdue them by force
but they did not yield to the enemy's military might. According to
Col. H.C. Wylly 62 military expeditions were despatched against the
tribesmen between 1849-1908, besides every day small skirmishes.
These included the famous Ambela campaign 1863, the Black Mountain
expedition 1868, the Miranzai expedition 1891, the Hassanzai
expedition 1894, the Dir and Chitral expedition 1895, the Tirah
campaign 1897, and the Mahsud-Waziri expeditions 1897. As a result
of this aggressive policy the whole frontier, from Malakand to
Waziristan, flared up in revolt against the British in 1897. The
frontier rising of 1897 engaged about 98000 trained and well
equipped British Indian forces in a grim struggle. According to Col.
H.D. Hutchison, the approximate strength of the Tirah expeditionary
force alone was "1010 British Officers, 10,882 British troops, 491
native officers, 22,123 native troops, 197 hospital Assistants, 179
clerks, 19,558 followers, 8000 horses, 18,384 mules and ponies and
1440 hospital riding ponies". But to these figures, he says, "must
be added an enormous number of camels, carts, ponies etc working on
the long line of communication with Kohat and gradually brought into
use as needs increased and the roads were improved". The British
forces suffered 1150 casualties during the Tirah expedition. Similar
was the fate of other expeditions as well. The operations against
Mohmand in 1915-16, and Wazirs and Mahsuds between 1917-1920 and
1936 Waziri campaign also deserve special mention. See also
http://britishbattles.homestead.com/centralasia.html and
http://britishbattles.homestead.com/india.html |
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The north west frontier of India |
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